Risk Management on Solar Thermal vs. solar photovotaic system in the Dissertation - 1

Risk Management on Solar Thermal vs. solar photovotaic system in the Uk - Dissertation Example ulation Trend in UK 36 Appendix VIII – Trend of Oil and Gas Reserves 36 Appendix IX – Employment and Unemployment Trend in UK 37 Appendix X – Computation of 5 x 7 meters Solar Photovoltaic System Facing North, East, South and West 37 Introduction In UK, the renewable energy industry is rapidly expanding so as to minimize the volume of fossil fuels used in the production of electricity, and also reduce their associated carbon dioxide gas emissions for the purpose of reducing pollution to the levels or targets set by the governmental policy. As of 2008, the United Kingdom has been increasingly dependent over the use of renewable energy resources. In line with this, 5.5% (approximately 4.3 million tonnes of oil equivalent) of the total electricity that was generated in UK was produced from the use of renewable resources such as bio fuels (76.19%), wind power (14.29%), and hydroelectricity (9.52%) (Office for National Statistics, 2011). Even though the use of renewab le energy resources has been increasing, there is still a long way for the UK government to reach its goal of generating 30% of its electricity from renewable resources aside from decreasing its carbon dioxide emission by 40% by year 2020 (Department of Energy & Climate Change, 2011). (See Appendix I – Historical Trend of Electricity Generated by Renewable Resources in UK on page 22) It is a universal knowledge that the burning of oil and natural gas could produce and emit excessive carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide that could trigger global warming. To combat the global climate changes, the UK government decided to gradually shift from the use of non-renewable to renewable energy resources (Committee on Climate Change, 2010). Recently, the Committee on Climate Change announced that the Scottish Government will reduce the carbon gas emission by 3.5% annually between2020 to 2050 (Committee on Climate Change, 2011). As a result of increasing the use of non-renewable energy res ources, the annual emission of carbon dioxide throughout the United Kingdom decreased from 8.95 metric tons per capita in 1995 down to 8.6 metric tons per capita in 2007 (Federal Statistical Office Germany, 2010). (See Appendix II – CO2 Emission in UK on page 23) Renewable energy significantly contributes towards a low carbon economy and thereby, provides a secure supply of valuable energy. Numerous years of development and research in the field of the production of energy have introduced many renewable energy technologies however the progress of the renewable energy has been constrained by the various perceptions of the risk associated with such technologies. As of 2008, the Un

The Changing Role of Human resource management Essay Example for Free

The Changing Role of Human resource management Essay For years, businesses relied on personnel departments for the management of their employees. The primary concerns of the personnel departments included attendance records, benefits, and salary. Therefore, the personnel departments did not consider the importance of contributions a company’s employees made to the business. These contributions included such things as diversity and intellectual capital. As businesses began to expand globally, they began realizing the importance of their human resources. Thus the concept of Human Resources (HR) management began to emerge as an outgrowth of the personnel departments. According to the week one overview, companies depend on their human resources departments to manage and provide for the organization’s needs through the use of their human assets. These assets include the business partners, community, customers, employees, and stakeholders of the company (University of Phoenix, 2010). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the various responses by human resources management to (a) globalization, (b) technology, (c) diversity, (d) e-business, and (e) ethics. To begin with, a definition of human resources management is in order. Definition of Human Resources (HR) Management According to Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, and Wright (2007), a definition of HR management is the company’s guidelines, procedures, and structures that directly influence their employee’s actions, conduct, outlook, mindsets, and job performances. Modern companies consider human resources management to be good practice regarding the optimum use of their employees’ intellectual capital, including the skills and expertise these employees bring to the company, and work to ensure their human resources managers understand this (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2007). Response to Globalization As businesses enter the global market, they are beginning to realize the importance of HR management in such areas as change management, setting goals and objectives, recognizing employee skills, and working with diverse groups. According to a report released in 2000, for a corporation to develop a culture that is consistent the corporation must establish and preserve a â€Å"critical balance between a strong corporate culture and local cultural differences† (Rioux, Bernthal, Wellins, 2000, p. 1). The report went on to state â€Å"the globalization of HR is characterized by increasing levels of decentralization† (Rioux et al. 2000, p. 1). As a result, companies are placing their HR departments, including those in the global market, into more centralized areas containing one HR department and a regional or international staff. Because of this centralization, HR managers need to recognize differences among employees regarding areas such as culture, ethnicity, and religion. Response to Technology HR managers need to recognize that because of advances in technology, businesses are beginning to hire employees to work in areas that require higher education and special training including engineering, manufacturing, and quality management. To respond effectively, HR managers must develop and encourage the creativity and innovation these highly trained employees bring to their organizations. To accomplish this may mean HR managers need to improve the communication process, develop new and improved programs for continuing education, and realign staff (Bundy, 1997). Response to Diversity Among the challenges facing businesses today is an increasingly diverse workforce. As more minorities enter the labor market, HR managers are beginning to realize they have the responsibility of ensuring these minorities they do not become victims of discrimination. HR managers must learn to recognize and use their employees’ intellectual capital, including the abilities, expertise, and ethical values, these employees contribute to the workforce. A good HR manager will respect people of different cultures, ethnicities, and gender. According to Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, and Wright (2007) more businesses in the United States are beginning to realize they need to acknowledge and recognize the diversity of their employees and use this diversity in ways that will allow them to gain advantages over their competition (Noe et al. , 2007). Response to e-Business Individuals and organizations are beginning to recognize the importance of the Internet in conducting business. As a result, e-business is becoming more prevalent. The book defines electronic business or e-business as â€Å"any process that a business conducts electronically, especially business involving use of the Internet† (Noe et al. , 2007, p. 50). E-business allows consumers to purchase items using the Internet or conduct banking transactions, companies to conduct transactions with each other, and consumers to conduct transactions among themselves such as auctions. Because of the increasing use of the Internet to conduct business, HR managers find themselves faced with several challenges. These challenges include ensuring the company is continually updating their employee requirements regarding such things as ability and competence. HR managers must recruit and train people to meet those requirements. Response to Ethics Businesses need to ensure the people they hire to work in and manage their HR departments behave ethically. The definition of ethics is the â€Å"fundamental principles of right and wrong† (Noe et al. 2007, p. 17). HR managers must ensure their behavior is always ethical and the company’s employees also behave ethically. HR managers need to implement training programs that teach employees how to behave ethically in the workplace. For example, HR managers need to recognize that people have certain basic rights including the right to refuse to engage in activities that violate their morals (Noe et al. , 2007). Conclusion Over the years the role of HR management has undergone several changes. The human resources department is no longer just a personnel department concerned merely with attendance records, benefits, and salary. Instead, HR managers find they are becoming more involved in every department of the business. Companies are beginning to recognize that good HR managers are very important to the continuing success of their businesses. Therefore, HR managers need to ensure they have expertise in areas such as globalization, technology, diversity, e-business, and ethics.

Artrow of God :: essays research papers

Colonialism is seen as a difficult arrangement that prevents even the best people from acting for the common good. Chapters in which the British officials discuss with one another reveal that while they are not the worst of their type, racism and ignorant condescension more or less come with the territory. On page 174 is a great example â€Å"The white man watched Ezuelu with something like amusement on his face. When the interpreter finished he tightened up his face and began again. He rebuked Ezeulu for showing disrespect for the order of the government and warned him that if he showed such disrespect again he would be severely punished.† The British master plan for governing the Igbo, a plan with which Winterbottom, a seasoned colonial ruler, strongly opposes because it invites exploitation and corruption. The plan is to set up certain African leaders as British spectators. This novel is intercultural because it’s dealing with two different civilizations of society. The two components that exist are modern versus tradition. Achebe is concerned with the toll taken on Igbo people by the replacing of their old beliefs. A lesser son of Ezeulu, Oduchi, is chosen to go a Christian school more or less as a mole to keep his father informed. In a literal and misguided interpretation of scripture, he decides he must crush the head of one of the pythons that are sacred creatures to the Igbo. Achebe is very depictive when writing themes of descriptions of most marriages between characters. He displays this genuine love that exists between the husband and the favored wife, as in the tenderly drawn marriage between Obika and Okuata. On the other hand, the wealthy, greedy Nwaka who opposes Ezeulu at the outset of the book has acquired five wives by the book's end. The position of women within Igbo society is perceived to compromise with polygamy. Older wives often express jealousy of new ones but worse possibilities occur because of the corruption of colonialism. One African elevated to a position of status by the British is said to take any woman he wants without paying the bride price. Within the Igbo culture, women are at highly protected. This is a perfect example of how the language and writing technique communicates to outside readers by using emotions that inform the relations between the races. This novels theme is universal and is capable to relate to readers outside of Africa.

Speeches in The Tempest versus As You Like It :: William Shakespeare

The speeches delivered by Prospero and Jacques each hold extensive contrasting differences. Both Prospero, the tempestuous protagonist in The Tempest, and Jacques, a minor melancholy character in As You Like It, see things in a dissimilar light. They have gone through things in their lives that have shaped their thoughts and opinions on certain topics. Prospero and Jacques’ show this in their moods and then in the subjects of which they speak. By perceiving the contrasting objects in Prospero and Jacques’ speeches, we find that they are quite different in character. Things that have happened, to both Prospero and Jacques, have had an effect on their moods. Before Prospero delivers his speech, he discovers that Miranda and Ferdinand are in love and declares happily, â€Å"It goes on, I see, as my soul prompts it† (Act 1 scene 2, (424-425). Then cheerfully adds, â€Å"So glad of this as they I cannot be, who are surprised withal. But my rejoicing† (Act 3 scene 1, (95-97). Jacques, on the other hand, when hearing Duke Senior state, â€Å"Thou seest we are not all alone unhappy† (Act 2 scene 7, (138-141) openly disagrees. He then proclaims, â€Å"to speak my mind, and I will through and through cleanse the foul body th’ infected world, if they will patiently receive my medicine† (Act 2 scene 7, (138-141). His view of the word seems to poison his mind resulting in his despondent mood. The events that occurred to Prospero and Jacques find a place in their thoughts and are responsible for altering their attitu des. The disposition of Prospero and Jacques’s speeches differ seeing as Prospero’s shows signs of happiness while Jacques’ only shows a depressing hue. Prospero shows a happy tint to his speech namely when he says â€Å"Be cheerful, sir. Our revels now are ended† (Act4 scene1, (147-148). Jacques, contrastingly, shows his ever-present melancholy personality by saying words that have negative tones such as â€Å"Mewling†¦puking†¦ whining†¦ [and] †¦unwilling† (Act2 scene7, (147†¦150). The attitudes that Prospero and Jacques have, reflect in the content of their speeches. Prospero speaks more about heavenly things while Jacques spends his whole speech addressing the life of man. Prospero seems to be fascinated by mostly spirits and heavenly structures as found in the following passage: â€Å"These our actors, as I foretold you, were all spirits and are melted into air, into thin air †¦[along with] the cloud-capped towers, the gorgeous palaces, [and] the solemn temples† (Act4 scene1, (148-153).

Norm Referenced Tesing

| | | | | | | | | |10/20/2012 3:39:49 PM | | | | | |Norm-Reference tests are â€Å"most appropriate when one wishes to make comparisons across large numbers of students or important | |decisions regarding student placement and advancement† (Assessment purposes, 2011). One example of a Norm-Reference test would | |be the COMPASS Test which is given to students entering college. This test assesses the reading, writing, and mathematical | |level of students in order to determine which English and math class individuals are placed in order to give the best | |opportunity for success as they begin their college education. The COMPASS assesses individuals by using the lower taxonomy | |levels.After completion of the test, students are placed in a remediation level English or math class if they fail to | |demonstrate the ability to demonstrate knowledge of the concepts at these lower cognitive levels. | |Criterion-Reference test are â€Å"most appropriate for quickly assessin g what concepts and skills students have learned from a | |segment of instruction† (Assessment purposes, 2011). In Georgia, the Criterion-Reference Competency Test (CRCT) test the skills| |and knowledge gained over the curriculum taught throughout the school year. Higher taxonomy levels are being assessed as | |students must demonstrate their comprehension, application, analysis, and synthesis of the grade level curriculum.When | |students receive their results, they have an idea of where they stand academically compared to the standards covered. Unlike | |Norm-Referenced test, this test does not result in student placement when moving toward the next grade level. | |Although both test serve a purpose, in my experience, Norm-Reference test are great for individual assessment and the ability to| |use lower level taxonomy skills such as knowledge and comprehension. The CRCT serves its purpose of rating individuals in | |comparison to the content and curriculum they should know b y having students demonstrate through critical thinking skills as | |they analyze each question. I believe the CRCT is better served for evaluating educators rather than students.With | |mainstreaming students into the regular education setting, it is difficult to gain a true reading of how well the higher levels | |of Bloom’s Taxonomy are addressed and used in the general education setting. | |   | |References | |   | |   | |Assessment purposes. (2011, Nov 23). Retrieved from http://www. edtech. vt. edu/edtech/id/assess/purposes. html | | | | |

The Ogood Samaritan Essay

The Ogood Samaritan Essay The Ogood Samaritan Essay The Good Samaritan Jesus Christ was a teacher and he often told parables, embedding within them messages and lessons. One of the many important parables Jesus taught was the parable of the Good Samaritan of the Gospel of Luke. He was asked by a lawyer, an expert on the Law of Moses; how one could inherit eternal life. Jesus replied by asking him what the law said and the lawyer replied with the first commandment: â€Å"Love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with your entire mind, and with all your strength; and, Love your neighbour as yourself† (Luke 10:27). Jesus said to do so and he will live. The lawyer wanted to justify himself and asked Jesus who his neighbour was. Jesus replied with the parable of The Good Samaritan. (Luke 10: 25-37) We can apply the covenants to our everyday life to be like the Good Samaritan. The parable begins between the city of Jerusalem and the city of Jericho. The roads between the cities were rough and deserted, with very few inhabitants and where many robbers spent their time. A man travelling to Jericho was unfortunate and fell into the hands of the robbers. The robbers stripped him, beat him and then went away, leaving his body on the side of the road half dead. By chance, a priest was going down the same road and when he saw the beaten body, he passed onto the other side. Next a Levite came to the place and when he saw the man’s body, he too passed onto the other side. But a Samaritan, a person despised by the Jews was travelling when he saw the man. He approached the injured man, cleaned and bandaged his wounds, pouring oil and wine on them. The Samaritan put the man onto his animal and brought him to an inn to take care of him. The next day, he returns and repay the innkeeper whatever more he spent. The priest and the Levite are two characters in the parable. They are Jewish religious leaders who have good knowledge of God’s law. There are a number of possibilities which may explain why the priest and the Levite could not stop and help the injured man. It would have been bad for the priest and the Levite to touch a dead body, which may explain why they did not check to see if the man was dead. To touch a dead body would have made the Levite and the priest unclean (Numbers 19:11). In Leviticus 21:1, it states: ‘The Lord said to Moses, â€Å"Speak to the priests, the sons of Aaron, and say to them: A priest must not make himself ceremonially unclean for any of his people who die.† But in accordance to Leviticus 25:35, they were still required to help his brother in need: â€Å"If any of your fellow Israelites become poor and are unable to support themselves among you, help them as you would a foreigner and stranger, so they can continue to live among you.† They may have had to be someplace else and therefore, it would have been an inconvenience to help the man, their neighbour while the Samaritan did. The third person in the parable is a Samaritan, a person from the province of Samaria. Samaritan and Jews did not associate with one another (John 4:9). Jews called Samaritans unclean and looked down on them. To Jews, Samaritans were considered as social outcasts, untouchables and racially inferior people who practised a false religion. Any physical contact with a Samaritan would make a Jew ceremonially unclean. The Samaritans responded with a strong dislike for the Jews. The bible does not say whether the injured man was a Jew but either way the charitable Samaritan was moved with pity when he saw the half-dead man on the side of the road, â€Å"The first question which the priest and the Levite asked was, â€Å"If I stop to help this man, what will happen to me?† But the Good Samaritan reversed the question, â€Å"If I do not stop to help this man, what will happen to him?† (Martin Luther King Jr, 1968). It was the Samaritan who showed Mercy to the injured man, not the Levite or the priest and this is the point that Jesus was trying to get across to the lawyer. Jesus flipped

Technology and Nutrition Essays

Technology and Nutrition Essays Technology and Nutrition Essay Technology and Nutrition Essay Technology and Nutrition Name: Course: Date: Technology and Nutrition Analyze the impact a particular technological development on nutrition or eating habits. The changes in technology could be termed as traversing all aspects of society in that they play a significant role in making life easier. Sustainable development and nutrition are among significant transformations that have been facilitated by the rapid changes in technology. Such changes have been enabled healthier living using better nutrition approaches and diets. I n the developed world, it is evident that enhanced channels of means of communication are able to improve the health and wellbeing of a given population. The changes in technology have enabled the betterment of channels of gathering and subsequent dissemination of nutrition information. Literature indicates that the new channels of communication such as the computer-mediated channels such as independent computer applications and software, multimedia applications, interactive television sessions and on-line services. Such platforms are used widely in both developed and developing nations to provide the respective populations of such nations with the much-needed information. The new channels of computer communications are usually divided into two groupings, which are namely stand-alone applications and the on-line applications. Stand-alone applications are defined as applications, which do not rely on connections to technology-based products such as television, telephones, and satellites among others. This are considered as the most used applications for nutritional educational purposes. On the other hand, other channels such as online-based applications are gaining widespread use around the world because of the increased availability and accessibility of the internet and technology-based products enabling access to computer programs. The stand-alone applications are considered as having been designed to provide information to any interested parties. Given the varied storage devices, such programs are easily availed in the various storage devices such as CD-ROM disks, floppy disks and flash disks. Such programs have increased in number because of the enhancement in the awareness of the importance of nutrition to the lives of many people in the public domain. This allows for additional research based on the availed information on nutrition. Hence, additional information is essential for the public in their individual evaluations of nutritional value. Other nutrient based programs such as nutrient based recipes, which are accessible to the public for use (Guo, 2009). Online or linkage applications are usually considered the best means to reach a larger or wider part of the population with nutrition information. Cyberspace or the internet is currently one of the largest media and communication channels used by people in both developed and developing worlds for dissemination of information. Electronic mails are used as a means for basic communication in the modern world. This is currently used by nutrient experts around the world for information and idea exchanges. Emails are also used to engage in online discussion forums, which are logged in using electronic mail addresses. This enables communication of information and ideas. This has also enabled communication on an international level to understand the multiplicity in the field of nutrition hence ensuring that basic nutritional information is communicated to a larger part of the global population (Kennedy, Kennedy, Muth, 2012). Food and nutrition on-line based services are easily availed to the public because of the low costs of access to the internet as well as the associated costs of use of the internet. Numerous sources of information are usually availed in the form of websites about the various issues on health and nutrition. This is essential for the public because the information is usually availed at the touch of a button and relatively low costs of access and use of internet-based products such as computers. Electronic bulletin boards are defined as computerized systems that are usually used to give focus to specific issues or subjects with a specific target in mind. Such bulletins usually consist of information, which is up to date in respect to the current research on various topics of food, health, and nutrition, which is essential for the public. Other services available include computer conferencing, which enables individuals to interact with one another using videos, and internet connections and thus engage in interactive discussions, which may result in sharing of information and ideas relevant from improvements in the field of nutrition (Buzzard, Price, Warren, 1991). Some higher institutions of learning are also engaging in issue of lessons or programs from computers though the internet. Virtual learning is rapidly gaining worldwide acceptance. This has enabled nutritional experts to access knowledge and skills relevant for enhancing nutritional value in their lives as well as those of the public at relatively lower costs and with higher convenience. Additionally another vital issue is telemedicine, which is the e issue of medical services and the respective information to the public using online based platforms such as websites and online bulletins. This has enabled individuals to increase their awareness in relation to their levels of nutrition and subsequently observe health as well as accrue numerous benefits from the services issued by these online sites issuing health and nutritional information (Guo, 2009). Conclusively the changes or improvements in technology are paramount in enabling the issue of health services at relatively lower costs. Additionally the availability of information from online platforms has enabled increased awareness in the society in terms of observance of health and nutrition. This is essential as it increases the bailey of individuals to lead healthier lives as they have adequate information as tot the appropriate nutritional standards, which they should observe to ensure better health such as changes in lifestyles and the subsequent changes in diets for maximum benefits. References Buzzard, I. M., Price, K. S. Warren, R. A. (1991). Considerations for selecting nutrient calculation software: evaluation of nutrient database. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 91(54): 7-9. Guo, M. (2009). Functional foods: Principles and technology. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Kennedy, X. J., Kennedy, D. M., Muth, M. F. (2012). â€Å"Michael Pollan. The Cooking Animal† The Bedford Guide for College Writers with Reader, Research Manual, and Handbook. Colorado: University of Colorado.

Peter Brook Essays

Peter Brook Essays Peter Brook Paper Peter Brook Paper How do you think that Peter Brook has employed the ideas/techniques of the practitioners detailed in Mitters study? Please refer to Brooks own writings, particularly The Shifting Point, in answering this question. Peter Brook is one of the worlds most famous directors and has much in-depth knowledge and experience of the theatre. Brook is a key figure in modern theatre, building on the innovations of earlier practitioners and continuing that uniquely twentieth century institution, the directors theatre. (Halfyard, 2000:maxopus. com/essays/8songs_m. htm) Brook is known as the leading director of his generation (Peter Hall) and he claims he can take any empty space and call it a bare stage, but where did he get his inspiration? Who are his influences? In this essay, I am going to try and find any similarities between Brooks theatre techniques and those of Konstantin Stanislavsky, Bertolt Brecht and Jerzy Grotowski. I am looking for if he has more preference towards one of these directors or uses a combination of each of their rehearsal methods with his actors. Shomit Mitters study, Systems of Rehearsal, looks at the process of rehearsal according to Brook, associating his rehearsal techniques with those created by Stanislavsky, Grotowski and Brecht. In Mitters introduction at first, I felt a sense of criticism towards Brook; Brook seemed to me more a mimic than an inventor (Mitter, 1992:30) and he mentions the extent of Brooks debt to each of the above directors. Although in the latter part of Mitters introduction, he goes on to say that it is extraordinary how Brook showed such a likeness with such completely different directors: I began to feel that his ability to absorb the influence of vastly dissimilar theatres could only be seen as an achievement. (Mitter, 1992:4) In Brooks study The Shifting Point, looking back on his career in theatre, he speaks about a misunderstanding that exists in theatre which is the assumption that theatrical process falls into two stages; the first: making, and the second: selling. Brook then shows disagreement with Stanislavsky: Even in the title of Stanislavskys great work Building a Character, this misunderstanding persists, implying that a character can be built up like a wall, until one day the last brick is laid and the character is complete. To my mind, it is just the opposite. I would say that the process consists not of two stages but of two phases. First: preparation. Second: birth. This is very different. (Brook, 1987:7) In one of the very few references to Stanislavsky in Brooks book The Empty Space, Brook describes this same subject very briefly, explaining that a character isnt a static thing and it cant be built like a wall. (Brook, 1968:114) This emphasis on how he wants to shape his actors, prove that he wants his actors to be constantly learning, encountering new approaches to acting and experiencing different practical exercises within the rehearsal process. Brook does not refer to Stanislavsky as often as I expected in both The Shifting Point and The Empty Space, whereas Mitters first chapter in his book shows immense comparison between Stanislavsky and Brook. Like Stanislavsky, Brook believes that the entire corpus of objectively available material on the character is insufficient. The actors need a far more detailed picture of the world in which their characters live. (Mitter, 1992:28) This method Stanislavsky employed consisted of questioning each actor and asking each one about their characters lives; the information that was not written in the text. The actors, for example, were asked to answer questions about their individual characters family members, the characters profession and where they lived. The questions were created to give a personal view into the character, thinking how they thought and recognising the depth of the character. In order to be, the actor must feel, and in order to feel, the actor must move from the self to the play via the mind. (Mitter,1992:11) Stanislavsky had accepted how set-design could play in creating emotion. Brook also uses the set to help create emotion; Instead of standing their ground four-square they will now run up and down ladders The life of these exchanges is, at the last, not to come from the actors words but from their actions. Rhythm and impulse, unfound in the lines, will be found in the ladders. (Mitter,1992:38, from The Making of A Midsummer Nights Dream) This meant that whilst the actors were physically climbing up and down the ladders, it was affecting the pace and the impact of the lines spoken; resulting in what Brook required from the start. He had found a way, physiologically rather than psychologically, to generate what he required from the actors. One would note Brooks repeated insistence that he doesnt want things acted. Echoing precisely Grotowskis claim that acting is abandoned in his theatre. (Mitter, 1992:108) Here, Mitter is describing a similarity Brook has to Jerzy Grotowski; how both their ideal theatre performances are true to life. Brook asked his actors not to perform, not to characterise and do a movement as an everyday person would without exaggerating. The actors arent acting, they are being. (Mitter,1992:109, from Peter Brook: A Theatrical Casebook, 1988) Brooks association with these ideas returns in The Shifting Point: A real person is someone who is open in all parts of himself, a person who has developed himself to the point where he can open himself completely- with his body, with his intelligence, with his feelings, so that none of these channels are blocked.

Diversity of teachers and learners an asset for learning Essay

Diversity of teachers and learners an asset for learning - Essay Example My teacher would read to us about Santa, we would make Christmas crafts, and we would do a Christmas play. She didn’t teach us about any of the other traditions – only Christmas. Well, this year I had a friend in my class - Yusof. He didn’t celebrate Christmas. He had different traditions and beliefs and instead celebrated other holidays including a big one called Eid Al-Fitr. I remember him crying one class when the teacher made us go around the class and brag about what awesome presents we were getting under the tree that year. When it came to Yusof, despite her knowledge of his religious background, she asked him the same question. He didn’t have an answer and his eyes filled up. He felt isolated and his diversity in tradition and beliefs was never recognized. What I would do and what my teacher did the next year was to talk in general about all of the wonderful traditions that were celebrated in our classroom. We learned more that year about culture and traditions of the world than I have in any other class since. Everyone felt included and our class was able to partake in meaningful learning that applied outside of the classroom. We realized that the world was much more diverse when it came to holidays than we thought and we had a lot of fun doing it. As a teacher I am going to try my best to embrace diversity in every way. This is just one experience but there is diversity in the way we learn, our socio-economic backgrounds, our ethnic backgrounds – The list can go on forever. I am going to give it my all to teach to the individual while creating a cohesive classroom where nobody feels left out and everyone feels like a little part of them as become a process of group learning in a positive way. Diversity is what makes life interesting and I plan to continue to emphasize this in each lesson plan I create! I plan to connect, not disconnect, ALL of my student’s to the

Two Psychometric Tests Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Two Psychometric Tests - Essay Example CPP, the institute from where the test can be officially obtained, claims that it administers over 2 million assessments annually, which is the largest number for any psychometric assessment. The entire framework of MBTI rests on four major dichotomies (Berens, 2001, pp. 85-86). Attitude, the first dichotomy, divides people into Extroverts (E) or Introverts (I). The former prefer more interaction, action and spending time with people, whereas, the latter feel more comfortable while spending time alone, believe in being thought oriented, little but substantial interaction and depth in their limited social interactions (Bayne, 1997, pp. 89-90). The function of â€Å"perceiving† is the second dichotomy that divides into Sensing (S) or Intuition (N). Sensing refers to the approach where people look for concrete evidence, facts and empirical evidence. They prefer data coming from, or verifiable through, the five senses and favour measureable information. On the other hand, intuitive people make more effort to look for hidden meanings, patterns and contexts in the data presented to them. They would show more flexibility and trust of abstract and theoretical concepts, insights, subconscious feelings and others (Myers and Myers, 1980, pp. 55-56). The â€Å"judging† function is the third dichotomy, where a person would be classified as a Thinker (T) or Feeler (F). The judging function is concerned with how an individual is making decisions. Thinkers are more likely to make rational, logical and calculated decisions. They avoid developing an attachment with the variables and entities in order to achieve objectivity and make no comprise on the rules and regulations. Feelers, on the other hand, have the tendency to understand the situation from the inside, evaluate other perspectives, create relationships with the variables and then make a decision in order to create a harmony and balance (John, et al., 2008, p. 160). Lastly, the dichotomy of â€Å"lifestyle† classifies people into having a preference for Judging (J) function for Perceiving (P) function. The former people are more likely to live an organised and settled life. On the other hand, perceivers prefer keeping their decisions and options open (Myers and M yers, 1980, pp. 55-56). Development and Design The father of analytical psychology, Carl Jung, deserves the bulk of the credit for the creation of MBTI. Many of the concepts put forward by MBTI were a part of the Jung’s book Psychological Types published in the year 1921. However, the arrangement and approach was a bit different because Jung believed that everyone is either a â€Å"perceiver† or a â€Å"judger†. The rest of the other dimensions would flow from this division (John, et al., 2008, p. 160). MBTI, in its original form, was developed by a team of Katherine Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers, the mother daughter team, divides people into sixteen different personality types. According to MBTI, there are four dichotomies, each one having two extremes and any people could be at or near any extreme thus allowing sixteen different personality types, based on different combinations (Bayne, 2004, pp. 99-100). MBTI first appeared in the year 1942 and since then it has been revised several times with different authors and most of these revisions have played an important

Fears Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fears - Research Paper Example ic nervous system and adrenal glands, including increased heart rate (tachycardia), increased breathing rate (tachypnea), tenseness or trembling of muscles, profuse sweating, and dryness of the mouth. Circulation from the rest of the body is directed to the areas where energy is needed most, either to protect oneself or to escape danger, also known as the "fight or flight" response. The sudden diversion of excess blood from the brain may also cause fainting, which may actually serve as an adaptive function in animals to protect them from predators. Children experience fears with greater intensity than older people. Middle aged children as a group experience less fears than their older or younger siblings. There is a disagreement between researchers upon the degree to which fear is innate or a learned response. Pavlov’s research with conditioning led to various experiments through which animals were conditioned to fear certain stimuli which were previously neutral. However certain fears such as fear of pain, injury or loud noises are innate and appear to be universal. Fear generally starts appearing in infants at 7 months of age. In newborns, fear is primarily reflexive. By instinct, they become afraid if there is sudden loss of support, extreme or unexpected sensory stimulus particularly with loud sounds. At about 6 to 9 months of age infants develop fear of masks, heights and strangers. Anxiety of separation typically appears at about 6 to 10 months of age and peaks between 18 and 24 months. Fear of being separated from the primary guardian is a universal reaction. The ability to understand constancy is not present in the young infant and it might believe that its mother might be gone forever if she is not currently present there. The peak that is observed at 18 to 24 months is probably because this is the age when most children enter day care or preschool. At two years of age a child becomes more organized and develops a better sense of security. A two year

Financial Planning and the Unsystematic Risk Statistics Assignment

Financial Planning and the Unsystematic Risk Statistics - Assignment Example Therefore, during winter, people will prefer buying winter tyres and when summer sets in, the demand for dry weather tyres will be high. i. The best asset for Gemma to choose is Rolls-Royce since it has the highest monthly real return coefficients. This implies that they will guarantee a high interest as opposed to those with low return percentage. The objective of making an analysis of a company’s fundamentals is to find the intrinsic value of the stock as opposed to the value with which the stock trades at in the market. Therefore, in carrying out an analysis, if the intrinsic value happens to be more than the current share price, then it shows that the stock is worth much value than its price and it makes sense in buying a stock. However, if this is not the case, then using the stock-analysis strategy like in the case of Gemma is not useful. In addition, the stock-pricing strategy offers a lot of information in an intangible and unmeasurable manner. It is easy to find some aspects of the company that are quantifiable. Such aspects include profits and they are quite easy to find. However, it is quite difficult to measure the qualitative factors such as the competitive advantages of a company, company staff and the reputation of the company. Therefore, the aspects make the picking stocks a subjective and intuitive process thus not suitable in such a case. In addition, the human element evident in the forces moving the stock market, the stocks cannot do whatever one anticipates that they will do since there is a likelihood of having a change in emotions quite unpredictably. Therefore, when confidence turns into some fear, the stock market can be a bit risky and dangerous. Therefore, this also contributes to the decision by Gemma not to use the stock-pricing strategy. i. In order to protect their portfolio of shares, Mark Brisley and Evie Petrikkou used the call and put options. The put option allowed them to sell assets at a given agreed on price while the call shows the right to buy shares at an agreed price.  

Assume that Canadian Tire is opening up a store in Ghana Essay

Assume that Canadian Tire is opening up a store in Ghana - Essay Example It was dominated by two colonial powers, which are France and Great Britain. In time, Britain was able to dominate both the political and cultural forces in Canada. Two significant communities are distinguished by language, culture, religion and politics and they live separately from each other since they have divergent views on the history of Canada as a nation. In comparison to Ghana, Canada has two distinctive characteristics of everyday consumptions. Canadians are big eaters where meat tends to be the dominating portion of each meal. They have three regular meals in a day where breakfast is the largest and most important meal of the rural people. Canadians take lunch at midday, and the urban people take a snack but it remains an important meal to the rural people. Dinner is the final formal meal of the day, which is taken by residential group as a whole, and it can be extended to nonfamily members. Ghana’s main diet is made up of starchy staples accompanied with soup or stew. Forest crops such as cassava and tropical yams are mostly consumed in the south (Kaminski, 2012). Corn and rice are most important among the Ga community though their main food is fufu combined with cassava. Soup ingredients in many communities include common vegetables accompanied by animal proteins, especially fish. In addition, palm nuts and peanut crops a re the favorite among different communities in Ghana. Indigenous foods are eaten at all social functions even by the western people. It is rare to find restaurants outside urban business districts though most local bars offer various foods to workers and bachelors. Ghana’s economy mostly depends on primary products such as cocoa, gold and timber. International trade contributes to one-third of the GDP while 70 % of export income comes from the latter three major commodities. The domestic economy is mainly involved with primary agriculture

Financial Planning and the Unsystematic Risk Statistics Assignment

Financial Planning and the Unsystematic Risk Statistics - Assignment Example Therefore, during winter, people will prefer buying winter tyres and when summer sets in, the demand for dry weather tyres will be high. i. The best asset for Gemma to choose is Rolls-Royce since it has the highest monthly real return coefficients. This implies that they will guarantee a high interest as opposed to those with low return percentage. The objective of making an analysis of a company’s fundamentals is to find the intrinsic value of the stock as opposed to the value with which the stock trades at in the market. Therefore, in carrying out an analysis, if the intrinsic value happens to be more than the current share price, then it shows that the stock is worth much value than its price and it makes sense in buying a stock. However, if this is not the case, then using the stock-analysis strategy like in the case of Gemma is not useful. In addition, the stock-pricing strategy offers a lot of information in an intangible and unmeasurable manner. It is easy to find some aspects of the company that are quantifiable. Such aspects include profits and they are quite easy to find. However, it is quite difficult to measure the qualitative factors such as the competitive advantages of a company, company staff and the reputation of the company. Therefore, the aspects make the picking stocks a subjective and intuitive process thus not suitable in such a case. In addition, the human element evident in the forces moving the stock market, the stocks cannot do whatever one anticipates that they will do since there is a likelihood of having a change in emotions quite unpredictably. Therefore, when confidence turns into some fear, the stock market can be a bit risky and dangerous. Therefore, this also contributes to the decision by Gemma not to use the stock-pricing strategy. i. In order to protect their portfolio of shares, Mark Brisley and Evie Petrikkou used the call and put options. The put option allowed them to sell assets at a given agreed on price while the call shows the right to buy shares at an agreed price.  

ENG COMP II TCP TASK2 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

ENG COMP II TCP TASK2 - Research Paper Example For example, computers do not possess the ability to think, but increasingly, they ensure performance of tasks that only individuals managed to do with accuracy, efficiency and limited time. Currently, automating tasks that depend on the perceptual skills of individuals is achievable through the use of cognitive technologies. These tasks may include handwriting recognition, face identification as well as other cognitive skills. Examples of cognitive skills relate to planning, reasoning from partial or unclear information and learning. Thesis Statement: Research shows that cognitive technologies enhance human efficiency as a result of dynamic access to information as well as redistributing between people and intelligence tools while also ensuring efficiency and effectiveness. The author of the above journal discuses how intelligent data management and analysis applications aid individuals in finding about trends as well as relationships. These issues are achieved through implementation of various techniques among them text mining as well as web mining among others. Scholars currently possess capability of understanding how there exists continuous relationships and interactions setting across huge data base and diverse social media platforms. Al-Azmi (2013) provides a lot of information relating to how user behaviors, expectations, as well as needs get studied. The work of Al-Azmi serves as a reference since the work presents an excellent literature review that is essential in assisting the reader to understand the power of cognitive technologies in a deeper context. The significant focus examined by the author aims at examining how cognitive technologies play a significant role in ensuring interactions among individuals from various realms. While Al-Azmi presents the importance of cognitive technology in enhancing relationships across individuals, the next article presents a different perspective that

Discuss the dramatic impact of act 2 scene 2 Essay Example for Free

Discuss the dramatic impact of act 2 scene 2 Essay To achieve maximum impact in this scene, unconventional methods should be used to show how Macbeth is slowly beginning to slip into madness. Shakesphere has added an owl shrieking, this is to perhaps set up a dark atmosphere to link the scene with evil. The owls shriek should just begin as Macbeth kills Duncan to show that a evil deed has been committed. Shakephere has deliberately not shown you the actual murder-taking place to show guilt and also by not seeing it we are left to imagine the murder-taking place and may, perhaps, have more affect on the viewer. It can be imagined as being bloodier than it really is. As Macbeth enters on to the stage with bloody hand he should drop to his knees to show how he realizes that what he has done is so evil and it also shows how a psychological impact is starting to take place on him. As Lady Macbeth enters, she should enter slowly and silently to symbolize how the witches disappear and appear as if from nowhere. This shows how evil she is and cold hearted. She should remain calm as if to show no feelings towards what has happened. Lady Macbeth just wants to get back to bed and have the deed finished quickly. As Macbeth begins to tell his speech of how the guards were talking in there sleep, one cried, god bless us! And amen the other. Macbeth should say it slowly as if he is worried and as he comes to say the word amen he should stutter as if to show he still cannot say it. This shows the evil taking over Macbeth as anything related to good he has problems saying. Lady Macbeth would not commit the deed herself because as Duncan sleeps she resembles her father but she would be happy to kill her own baby as shown earlier on in the book. However she will make sure that the deed is complete without any problems by framing the two servants. A feint knocking should start in the background of the scene as Lady Macbeth departs to finish off the deed, the knocking should be in such away so that it resembles a heartbeat. Macbeth at this point should start scrubbing hands vigorously to show that there seems to be an everlasting amount of blood, like a sea of blood. This shows how evil the deed was and how bloody it was also. The knocking should get louder and faster to resemble Macbeths heart beat slowly getting faster as he gets more nervous and as he slowly begins to slip into madness. In this scene the stage should be mainly dark, there should be no lights focused upon Macbeth or Lady Macbeth to show that they are in darkness and evil. The lighting should be positioned in a way so that they are behind the two characters showing how they have left the light and goodness into the darkness and evil. Macbeth should enter the stage and collapse not starting to speak for several seconds to show how Macbeth it thinking of what he has done. Macbeth should breathe heavily to show his fear and anxiety. He should stare at the daggers and keep his eyes fixed on the daggers until he gives them to Lady Macbeth. This shows how he realizes that the deed is wrong but it is too late to late to go back and change what he has done. This shows that Macbeth is slowly beginning to slip into madness. Macbeth should shout most of his lines where as Lady Macbeth should whisper to show that Lady Macbeth is calm at this point where as Macbeth is scared and angry. The shriek that the owl makes should be loud and fast to show that the murder has been carried out quickly and smoothly. As Macbeth begins to clean the blood off his hands he should scrub it clean off but carry on to show that he is seeing his hands as being still covered in blood but are really clean. This shows that he is going mad.

HRM Best Practice and Fit Approach

HRM Best Practice and Fit Approach The discussion between promoters of best practice and best fit approaches has sparked widespread controversy in the human resource management (HRM) area. The topic has gained much scholarly attention because it not only addresses a theoretical controversy but also possesses a high degree of practical managerial significance. The essay has the aim to analyse best practice and best fit approaches in HRM of a multinational enterprise. The reader receives insight into Lincoln Electrics organization through a case-study analysis of practical HR approaches serving as a basis for developing practical managerial implications in the last part of the paper. 2. Critical evaluation of best practice and best fit practices in HRM 2.1 Best practice approach The best practice approach claims that certain bundles of HR activities exist which universally support companies in reaching a competitive advantage regardless of the organizational setting or industry (Redman and Wilkinson 2009). Best practice models imply a close connection between HR practices and organizational performance and are often associated with high commitment management (Paauwe Boselie 2003). Empirical research in the best-practice field shows similar groups of HR polices which are especially suitable for maximizing performance irrespective of market and product strategies (Peffer 1998, Guest 2000). Best practice bundles of activities are characterized as mutually compatible HR activities which forge high levels of workforce competence, encourage motivation and introduce a workdesign boosting employee commitment (Maloney and Morris 2005). Based on concepts from expectancy theory (Vroom 1964, Lawler 1971) best practice HR will result in higher levels of quality, product ivity and low rates of absenteeism and wastage (Guest 2000). The best practice approach suffers from a series of limitations. Firstly, when implementing best practice standards organizations run risk of introducing mutually prohibitive combinations like team working and compensation based on individual performance resulting in a deterioration of employee collaboration through overexaggerated competition (Delery 1998 in Redman and Wilkinson 2009). Secondly, high commitment management systems are generally a complex undertaking requiring large inputs of planning and top level management commitment. Thirdly, critics like Milkovich and Newman (2002) argue that best practice HR lacks direct linkages with organizational strategies and is minted by the belief that outstanding high performing human resources will influence strategy. By making HR policy precede corporate strategy an organization risks prescribing standardized sets of one size fits all best practice approaches which will not support the particular needs of employees and be detrimental t o overall strategic objectives (Maloney and Morris 2005). Fourthly, discussions with regard to the appropriate choice of best practice measures resulting from an insufficient research methodology and theoretical definition exist (Marchington and Grugulis 2000 in Redman and Wilkinson 2009). 2.2 Best fit approach The best-fit model is considered as a variant from precedent models of Harvard, Michigan and York and is called matching model for HRM (Sparrow and Hiltrop 1994). It is based on developing HRM policies according to business strategy. Strategy involves planning future activities, performances objectives, and policies towards reaching the corporate aims. HRM strategy should be designed and applied to support the given corporate strategy (Lawler 1995). The best-fit approach questions the universality assumption of the best-practice perspective. It emphasizes contingency fit between HR activities and the organizations stage of development, an organizations internal structures and its external environment like clients, suppliers, competition and labour markets (Redman and Wilkinson 2009). HR policy should be minted by the appropriate context of individual employees and therefore support the overall competitive strategy. Aligning HRM practices to strategies can enable companies to create p otential competitive advantages (Schuler and Jackson 1987 in Redman and Wilkinson 2009). The best fit approach is also subject to sever criticism. Firstly, Boxall and Purcell (2003) criticizes that in a changing business environment companies and their strategies are subject to multiple alternating contingences and that it is merely possible to adjust entire HR systems to new challenges frequently. Secondly, as companies move through their life-cycle HR practices have to be aligned which leads to an alternating treatment of employees which can have a demotivating effect and show inconsistency in corporate culture (Boxall and Purcell 2003). 3. Analysis of Lincoln Electrics HRM approach 3.1 Evaluation: Best practice or best fit approach in certain HR practices 3.1.1 Selection practices For the hiring of its U.S. workforce Lincoln Electronic is applying best practice methods as it pursues a selective employment approach aiming at attracting skilled personnel that can connect to the companies high performance ethic and live up to quality standards. New hires have to pass a three-month probation period and prove their work dedication in trainee programme (Bjà ¶rkman Galunic 2003). For the established U.S. operations promoting experienced employees from within can be regarded as an element of best fit approach of aligning HR goals with corporate quality strategy (Lawler 1995). It is coherent with Lincolns strategy of binding the best employees and rewarding them for their long-term achievements with responsibility thus keeping its intellectual capital and ensuring a sustainable competitive advantage in fields of performance, knowledge and quality. In the international management Lincoln made the mistake of relying too much on inexperienced U.S. managers from within a nd only after the disaster of the international subsidiaries started to move from its unitary strategy towards a more responsive best fit approach to external environmental by hiring more internationally experienced external managers in China and Europe which fits the international expansion strategy (Hastings 1999). In its Chinese recruitment it adapts to the Chinese labor market by personally promoting and introducing prospective employees through senior management to identify personalities who can live up to performance, education and quality requirements applying a best fit approach (Bjà ¶rkman Galunic 2003). This is in line with common relationship and social network oriented selection practices in China (Warner 2005). 3.1.2 Training practices Lincoln is applying a best fit strategy which aims at enhancing employees abilities, technical and business knowledge through a significant investment in globally recognized best practice training methods (Marchington Grugulis 2000). Examples are a sophisticated trainee program for sales and engineering trainees, constant vocational trainings for experienced workers and regular work certification programs (Bjà ¶rkman Galunic 2003). These actions aim at supporting and maintaining the superior efficiency objectives creating core competences compared to industry rivals and a competitive advantage. Lincolns approach to training employees resembles the immersion training conducted by Toyota which also conducts extensive investment in workers qualifications to achieve highest productivity and quality (Spear, 2004). 3.1.3 Reward system The reward system which has been invented by founder James Lincoln is at the core of the successful individual performance working system. In the US, Lincoln employs a highly compensated piece-work system which is linked to individual employee performance based on a multitude of work-related factors (Bjà ¶rkman Galunic 2003). The reward system is able to motivate employees for achieving commitment through a remuneration which is at the top of its industry (Bjà ¶rkman Galunic 2003). Payment system possesses clear management commitment and is seen as the key for achieving outstanding employee commitment leading to advantages in costs, productivity and quality (Hastings 1999). Group collaboration within the company is created through specific bonus pools which are allotted to work group performance. The bonuses are then distributed to the members of that group according to their quantified relative performance on the semi-annual merit rating based on factors like idea generation, qu ality, reliability, dependability and output (Milgram Roberts 1995). Employees are closely bound to the organization through a long-term stockpurchase plan as part of their remuneration making them entrepreneurs at their workplace (Bjà ¶rkman Galunic 2003). Classification of the reward system in one of the HRM approaches is ambiguous. Lincoln invented the individual performance-system as the major component towards developing its employees for becoming its core strength through an unbeatable motivation and quality-drive (Milgram Roberts 1995). This is the utilization of the best fit approach minting HR towards organizational strategic objectives. The performance payment system has proven immensely successful becoming an internal best practice. Empirical studies by MacMillan and Schuler (1984) confirm the success of individual performance- pay with end-of-year bonuses at US bearings company Baimco and at the aviation company PEOPLexpress. For its global operations Lincoln is forc ed to abide by national restrictions in the legal environment (e.g. prohibition of piecework in Germany) and traditional working habits in the socio-cultural environment to align its reward system to local standards (Bjà ¶rkman Galunic 2003). In Europe, it is forced to conduct a best fit approach abiding by local regulations and adjust to differing standards of motivation where workers value benefits like vacation over annual bonuses. 3.1.4 Employee participation The best fit approach is also utilized for the field of employee participation. The company possesses an open-door policy where employees can contact management directly. Flat hierarchies with minimal supervisory management lead to very low communication barriers and wide-opportunities for taking responsibility (Milgram Roberts 1995). Due to participation is one of the evaluation criteria for employee remuneration Lincoln has a very high workforce participation rate concerning continuous improvement suggestions. Similar continuous improvement and feedback programs are also pursued by Japanese companies like Nissan in order to enhance productivity (Erstand 1997). That not only encourages idea generation but also directly involves employees in major decisions like the turnaround after the economic crises (Hastings 1999). Although workers are not unionized a very lively participation with the management board takes place through the Employee Advisory Board leading to a very high level of workforce loyalty. The best fit participation approach supports the core competence and sustainable competitive advantage of productivity and innovative quality as major strategic objectives (Pfeffer 1995) 3.2 External and internal factors influencing Lincolns HR strategy 3.2.1 External factors Firstly, the legal environment both in Lincolns domestic market and international markets significantly influences the HR strategy. Regulations regarding the legality of piece-work systems, vacation requirements and working hour limitations force Lincoln to adapt HR practices in all fields elucidated in chapter 3.1. In the U.S. more performance driven and entrepreneurial HR approaches are possible whereas regulations in Europe, Asia and Latin America force Lincoln to adhere to adapt local HR practices (Bjà ¶rkman Galunic 2003). Secondly, Lincoln is affected by the cultural diversity of its operations again creating barriers for the introduction of performance driven measures in markets like Western-Europe and China. Whereas in the U.S. traditionally hierarchy is low and employee idea generation is common, Chinese culture is more subversive and critical idea generation practices will fail (Zhu 2005). Similarly hiring and training practices are different across cultures: The U.S. and Europe allow for the application of best practices in recruitment and training. In Asia Lincoln needs to align to the environment of conducting rather relationship oriented hiring and in-depth skill development (Warner 2005). Thirdly, different market maturity and industry-life-cycles between developed and developing markets affect Lincolns HR approaches with differences in hiring, training and workforce participation. 3.2.2 Internal factors The first major internal factor affecting Lincolns HRM is the life-cycle of the respective subsidiary. U.S. and Canadian operations have a historical presence with high levels of employee loyalty, trust, identification with the individual performance culture and a well attuned work organization and low hierarchies (Bjà ¶rkman Galunic 2003). Due to recent acquisitions and Greenfield investments in Europe and Asia loyalty and identification with the overall corporate objectives and working ethics is unincisive (Hastings 1999). Lincoln is challenged developing HR-approaches to create employee involvement and implement the performance driven internal values. Especially, immense discrepancies between the subsidiaries international managers and the U.S. headquarters management are major obstacles for the development of globally coherent HRM strategies which can enforce the overall companys performance (e.g. objections against incentive system, language barriers, management philosophies) (Hastings 1999). Lincolns executives do not possess the required international management skills and are very much minted by idealized U.S. practices. 3.3 Practical managerial lessons and broad implications for HRM practices Practical managerial HRM implications which can be drawn from the Lincoln case are the following. Lincolns HRM strategy is based on a best fit approach designed to achieve an optimal vertical fit with the overall corporate strategy with a strong alignment towards the competitive strategic objectives of employee productivity and product quality on the companys domestic American market (Basset 1999). Lincoln is immensely successful on the U.S. market because it matches HR approaches to corporate, competitive and functional level strategy to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. Internationally, Lincoln is not able to transfer the U.S. model of best fit to its subsidiaries. Environmental factors like legal requirements and cultural differences make it impossible to use a system which is based on individual performance (Bjà ¶rkman Galunic 2003). Lincoln is limited in fitting its HR approach to what would be best for reinforcing its efficiency and quality driven competitive advantage. The Lincoln case illustrates that in a global context companies are influenced by a multitude of contingences. A universalist HRM approach within a MNC applying a certain bundle of HRM best practices will not render an optimal outcome for the entire organization (Sims 2007). According to Dowling et al (2008) International managers need to take a more detailed approach by identifying individual circumstances of national subsidiaries and fitting HRM strategies to achieve a mutual enforcement between local requirements and corporate strategy. For some a best practice approach might be a superior solution while for other subsidiaries only certain best practice elements (e.g. hiring, training, rewards etc.) might prove to be effective: In Europe Lincoln fails to develop any sort of HRM strategy which can satisfy the environmental requirements and reinforce its competitive differentiation strategy at the same time. Due to a lack of international knowledge Lincolns managers rely on the stat us quo (Hastings 1999). In Europe an introduction of best practice methods with a HPWS would have immediately allowed ensuring better control and performance in the newly acquired international subsidiaries through standardized practices (Maloney and Morris 2005). The best fit approach in Lincolns Chinese subsidiary incorporates lessons learned from the European failure: Lincoln is able to adapt HR strategy to environmental requirements of culture, legal requirements and the market and at the same time introduce best fit approaches in hiring and employee development to support its competitive strategy. The broader implication is that there is no single best way to approach HRM. Companies should design their approach according to elements of best practice and best fit to achieve the best possible outcomes. Studies conducted by Mendonca Kanungo (1994) and Cyert March (1963) show that the adaption of HRM approaches to local international environments is essential for companies leading to and adaption of processes and practices to fit with the local workforce. Successful MNCs like Unilever, Royal Dutch Shell and Nestlà © are those that conduct HRM strategies based on localized requirements incorporating elements from best fit and also standardized best practices (Briscoe Schuler 2004). In this context a localized resource-based HRM approach can be a good possibility to create synergies between internal competences with strategy and performance. 4. Conclusion To put everything under consideration, one can see that best fit and best practice approaches offer companies powerful tools for shaping human resource management processes. The case study has illustrated that an application of one bundle of best practice strategies across all geographies of MNCs, as proposed by Pfeffer (1998), is almost impossible because of regional differences in work-related practices, laws culture and characteristics of motivation. Similarly, sticking to a best fit strategy which is only aligned to the contingency of strategy and a neglect of environmental forces and internal capabilities can lead to a failure of HR in international markets. The case has shown that the concepts of best practice and best fit have to be analyzed and adapted to suit the localized needs of international subsidiaries in order to pave the way to overall global competitive advantages through HR.

Scene Analysis of Alfred Hitchcock’s Film Shadow of a Doubt Essay examp

Scene Analysis of Alfred Hitchcock’s Film Shadow of a Doubt Alfred Hitchcock’s film Shadow of a Doubt is a true masterpiece. Hitchcock brings the perfect mix of horror, suspense, and drama to a small American town. One of the scenes that exemplifies his masterful style takes place in a bar between the two main characters, Charlie Newton and her uncle Charlie. Hitchcock was quoted as saying that Shadow of a Doubt, â€Å"brought murder and violence back in the home, where it rightly belongs.† This quote, although humorous, reaffirms the main theme of the film: we find evil in the places we least expect it. Through careful analysis of the bar scene, we see how Hitchcock underlies and reinforces this theme through the setting, camera angles, and lighting. One of the most important elements of this scene, which can be overlooked, is the setting. An unpleasant confrontation between the protagonist and antagonist takes place inside a bar of all places. This scene is crucial because it is the first time we are completely taken into Uncle Charlie’s world. The bar acts as a liminal space for the audience to enter into his personality. It is also the first time the two main characters have a confrontation about Uncle Charlie's dark life. It should be noted that until this point most of the scenes between the Charlies have been in domestic and safe places. The bar is a complete contrast to Santa Rosa’s all-American values and standards. The director most likely set this conversation in a bar because of the negative connotations that are associated with such a place, which perfectly match the personality of Uncle Charlie. The setting also underlies the menacing nature of the conversation between the Charlies. Just as the setting is importan... ...ing Charlie's close-ups portrays a delicate glowing face, which appears frightened and angelic, an obvious contrast to the shadowy right side of her Uncle's face. The lighting scheme on the Uncle's face is a classic cinematic device revealing the duality of his personality. And again we are brought back to duality, one of the most popular themes among this director's films. Through his choice of setting, camera angles and lighting, Hitchcock makes the conversation at the bar a pivotal scene. The audience and young Charlie are finally brought into Uncle Charlie’s world. This scene’s contrast to the stereotypical American town is what makes this scene so important. Even though Uncle Charlie was able to conceal his true self from most of Santa Rosa, a few people saw him for what he really was. Just like there is a bar in every American town, there is evil as well.

Prevention :: Environmental Economy Chemicals Essays

Prevention Prevention entails keeping all cleaning agents, gasoline, paints, glues, thinners, and other household products in locked or inaccessible cabinets. These products should never be used in closed spaces, and areas should be extensively aired out after product use. Even with adequate room ventilation, it is probably prudent to avoid exposing children altogether (see case 4, below). Tell parents to avoid bringing children to nail salons and to keep children out of newly remodeled rooms that may be off-gassing solvents from carpet and wallpaper glues. Dry-cleaning should be aired out in the yard or an open garage for one day before being brought into the house, and car windows should be open when transporting freshly dry-cleaned clothes. w). As in the home, art supplies used at school should be nontoxic. "Acceptable Children's Art and Craft Materials," a list of 2,500 nontoxic art materials, is available from the California Department of Health Services.34 Clinicians must be alert to pare nts who might be exposing their children to solvents in the home though a number of hobbies, including silk-screening, furniture restoration, model building, and illegal drug labs (an increasing problem in certain communities).35 Finally, children should be screened during the well-child interview for any drug abuse, including the use of "legal" substances such as solvents. The best way to dispose of solvents is to use them up as intended. Otherwise, solvents should be treated as hazardous waste and disposed through a licensed hazardous waste handler.36 † The interesting thing about this advice to try to avoid any contact with chemicals in our life is that it is impossible. If a breast fed baby is not able to avoid toxins, none of us are. For a day, I made a point to read the labels of products I used and food I ate. I found that most of the ingredients I could not pronounce and had no idea why it was in the product or what it did. I also learned that most of what I use and consume contains either high fructose corn syrup or sodium laureth sulfate or sodium lauryl sulfate. I do not think that is necessarily good but I only hope it isn’t really bad. From Now with Bill Moyers, transcript: MOYERS: Of the 3000 or so high production volume chemicals in use in this country today only 43% have been even minimally tested. Only about 10 percent have been thoroughly tested to examine their potential effects on body part was getting set up on that day of development.

The Market Coverage Strategies

INTRODUCTION While company has differentiated several market segmentation. Company need to select a suitable and profitable segment to enter it. But, how company identify which segment is most valuable to itself and compatible with its current resource and facilities. So, company may use market coverage strategies to solve this problem and choice the best segment to enter it. Market coverage strategic is a method that helps in evaluating the various segments of the marketplace and deciding which segment to cover in the marketing of a particular product.BODY There are 3 types of general market coverage strategies which will generally adopted by marketer. There are undifferentiated marketing, differentiated marketing, and concentrated marketing. For undifferentiated marketing, is a market coverage strategy whereby company using single product to attack whole market without concern differences within market. Undifferentiated marketing obtain to mass distribution and mass advertising, wh ich aiming to give the product a superior image in the minds of consumers.It helps in cost saving as single production line, inventoried, distributed, and advertised. So when it comes to market research and product management, costs usually to be lower as only focusing single product. For example, Nestle company produce MILO to attack to whole market without differentiate market segmentation. This is a milk beverage with chocolate and malt, it has successfully attract wide segment of market likes children, teenager, adult and even old folk. MILO has become part of daily necessary of consumer.For differentiated marketing, this is multi-segment marketing which market coverage strategy while a company attack to two or more market segment by selling product and unique marketing strategy which tailored to each different segment. It would help company to obtain revenue from different market segment whereby attacking every single market segment. However, it also increases the costs of prod uction, inventoried, distributed, advertise, market research and product management.For example, Mc-Donald, it sells various type of burger to target different type of market segment such as fish burger, chicken burger, and beef burger and happy meal (target children). So, customer will feel company able to serve what they need and other alternative choice even their taste change. Besides that, Mc Donald also sells fried chicken to satisfy those customers who has bored with burger. So, by targeting different type of market segments, it makes Mc Donald becomes successfully in the fast food industry.For concentrated marketing, it is one of the market segmentation which company produce product to market for a very well-defined, specific segment of the consumer population. This marketing strategy is highly focusing to the needs of that specific market segment. This strategy is particularly effective for certain company. As limited resources, it enables the company to achieve a strong ma rket position and becomes specialist in the specific market segment. Concentrated strategy helps in controlling cost effectively while avoiding mass production, mass distribution and mass advertising.So, company might use the fund from these aspects to invest R&D for its product development which will help company to sustain in the long run business within the specific industry. For example, ROLEX Company which produces luxury watches to specific market segment, it has created the branded and luxury image to customer and highly focusing on the technical part of watches function development. ROLEX only targeting to higher-income customer segment, it creates higher profit margin as well although the market share is small.When company has understood about 3 types of general market coverage strategies, company should only choose one strategy out of these 3 due to resource limited and risk concerns. So, what are the factors need to be considered between company status and strategy in ord er to ensure company will choose the best market coverage strategy. The factors need to be considered are company resources, product variability, product’s stage in the life cycle, market variability, and competitor’s marketing strategies. Firstly, company resource is crucial in choosing whether the company should go for undifferentiated, differentiate and concentrated.As these 3 strategies are requiring different level of resources to company, it needed to compatible with company current resource availability. For example, a new market entrant usually has limited resource and capital to invest its product to tailor with every different customer segment. So it might choose undifferentiated marketing in the early time of business to achieve economies of scale for cost saving and avoid risk and, as differentiated and concentrated strategies require more resource and capital to invest on it.Secondly, Product variability, company need to consider its product changeability while making decision to market coverage strategy. If the product changeability is low, it might be difficult to use differentiated marketing strategy for the company. So, it only goes for either undifferentiated marketing or concentrated marketing, as these two strategies focusing on single product producing to satisfy the market. For example, SUNKIST Company is using undifferentiated marketing strategy to target its market segment.The reason is because the product of SUNKIST is orange and it has limited the variability to target different market segmentation. So, differentiated marketing strategy is not appropriate in this case. Thirdly, Product stage in the life cycle, company might apply different market coverage strategy while different stages of life cycle. When the product under stage of â€Å"introduction† in the product life cycle, it should apply undifferentiated marketing or concentrated marketing instead of using differentiated marketing.It is because when product under this stage, there are lots of unforeseen risk along the time. Company should more focus the major customer and instead focus whole customer segment as it will be costly. For example, Old Chang Kee started its business with selling handmade curry puff to customer at the early stage of business. When its business has picked up, it started diversify its product to serve variety customer segment by introducing new product likes sotong ball, chicken wing and up to 28 types of products.Fourthly, Market variability, when the time of market changeability is high, it will affect the market coverage strategy to apply. These product usually famous and decline by customer in a very short of time due to the trend. So, differentiated marketing strategy might not be suitable for these product, company would not be benefit to target all segment of customer and product life cycle is too short. For example, toy likes YOYO and TRANSFORMER become famous and high demanded by customer as the fashi on and movie affection.So, company should not apply differentiated marketing and concentrated marketing as it is no worth to invest to the product which product life cycle is too short. Lastly, competitor’s marketing strategies, company should consider other competitors strategies moves before determine market coverage strategies. It is too risky to have same strategies with own competitors and market share also will be reduced. Company should look for the latent market and enjoy the higher profit margin. For example, HERMES bag is targeting luxury market by using concentrated marketing.It helps to make higher profit margin from this specific market instead targeting mass market segment as there are too many competitors within the industry. Conclusion Company should understand which market coverage strategies appropriate to apply. It related to company product and future targeting customer segment. At the same time, Company need to compare with own current resource, micro and macro environment. Because these factors will affect the determination of market coverage strategies and also will decides the profitability of the product in the business.

Noticing Hypothesis

The noticing hypothesis is a concept in second-language acquisition proposed by Richard Schmidt in 1990. He stated that learners cannot learn the grammatical features of a language unless they notice them. Noticing alone does not mean that learners automatically acquire language; rather, the hypothesis states that noticing is the essential starting point for acquisition.There is debate over whether learners must consciously notice something, or whether the noticing can be subconscious to some degree (Schmidt, 1990, 2001) Noticing is a complex process: it involves the ntake both of meaning and of form, and it takes time for learners to progress from initial recognition to the point where they can internalize the underlying rule. This argues for teachers to provide recurring opportunities for learners to notice, since one noticing task is most unlikely to be sufficient. More specifically, we may want to work with different kinds of noticing task in future in order to serve different ps ycholinguistic factors.Schmidt (1990), identifies three aspects of consciousness involved in language learning: awareness, intention and knowledge. The first sense, consciousness as awareness, embraces noticing . According to Schmidt (1995, p. 20), â€Å"the noticing hypothesis states that what learners notice in input is what becomes intake for learning. † Schmidt also states that a) whether a learner deliberately attends to a linguistic form in the input or it is noticed purely unintentionally, if it is noticed it becomes intake; and b) that noticing is a necessary condition for L2 acquisition.In his noticing hypothesis, Schmidt (1990, 1993, 1995; Schmidt & Frota, 1986) shed light n focal attention, or noticing, as a necessary and sufficient condition for input to become intake in SLA, by claiming â€Å"intake is that part of the input that the learner notices† (1990, p. 139). According to Schmidt (1993), second language (L2) learners need to not only comprehend the input but also notice â€Å"whatever features of the input are relevant for the target system† (p. 209).Although these definitions of noticing differ in the degrees or levels of awareness that are deemed necessary for SLA, the researchers all agree on the importance of noticing in SLA. In both the strong version of the Noticing Hypothesis (noticing is necessary and sufficient for second language acquisition) and the weak version of the Noticing Hypothesis (noticing is a necessary but not sufficient condition for second language acquisition), noticing is considered to play a significant role in SLA.In Gass and Selinker's (2001) view, noticing or selective attention is â€Å"at the heart of the interaction hypothesis,† (p. 298) and is one of the crucial mechanisms in the negotiation process. Conclusion Attention and noticing (the subjective correlate of attention are crucial concepts for ttention – becoming conscious of some material – seems to be the sover eign remedy for learning anything. It is the universal solvent of the mind† (Baars 1997, P. 04). For SLA, the allocation of attention is the pivotal point at which learner external factors (including the complexity and distributional characteristics of input, the discoursal and interactional context, instructional treatment, and task characteristics) and learner internal factors (including motivation, aptitude, learning styles and strategies, current L2 knowledge and processing ability) come together.

The Role of of a phlebotomist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Role of of a phlebotomist - Essay Example Therefore, the responsibilities of a phlebotomist in any healthcare organization are to explain to the patients about the procedures to be undertaken, encourage patients in case they are worried, draw the blood into a tube by inserting a hypodermic needle in the vain, dress the puncture created by the needle, mark the blood sample, deliver the blood sample within the stipulated time and ensuring that the records are complete and data entered in a computer. A Phlebotomist needs also to ensure that any lab tools are disposed off correctly (Stein 2). As a phlebotomist, an individual needs to follow several ethical roles. He or she needs to handle the patient with a lot of care and respect. A phlebotomist should constantly communicate with patients and do his or her best so as to avoid harming the patients. It is also ethical for phlebotomists to ensure that they are in a good relationship with the co-workers. Phlebotomists are supposed to treat their peers with a lot of kindness and respect. The guidelines, rules and regulations formulated by an employer should be followed strictly by a phlebotomist (McCall 150). From the discussion, it is clear that the major function of a phlebotomist is to draw blood specimens from patients. It is also evident that there are several ethical roles of a phlebotomist. Phlebotomist should handle his or her patients with care, relate well with co-workers and follow the formulated rules, regulations and

Media Studies A2 Have Scorsese's gangster films become too violent Essay

Media Studies A2 Have Scorsese's gangster films become too violent - Essay Example He has been producing films since the 1970's - his most recent one is The Departed (2006). His films are notorious for reflecting New York's life, which imply organized crime and violence. Violence has always been a part of the gangster film genre. Already films like Scar face from 1932 highly contained violence in the plot as well as The Maltese Falcon from 1941. This key issue has maintained over the last decades and I would like to analyze whether the genre has become too violent, regarding to Martin Scorsese film repertoire. I further try to examine if this is a natural progression, because of what is happening to the modern society and as a result to the Films or if this is attributable to Martin Scorsese only. I am going to start with analyzing three films of Scorsese spread over nearly 30 years, to pinpoint this trend. I am therefore going to analyze a couple of main scenes from the films The Departed (00's), Goodfellas (90's) and Mean Streets (70's), which reflect three decades of his work. All three films are considered to be great gangster films. The first scene to be analyzed is from Mean Streets from 1973. The whole film contains a couple of fighting scenes but only two in which you can actually see blood. Also, there are two shoot-outs and in total two people die. The USK for Mean Streets is 18. The iconography in the mean streets is overtly religious. Perhaps the only more religious movie Martin Scorsese has made is the last temptation of Christ. The search of Charlie for redemption perhaps shows a simpler time when good was good and bad was bad. Charlie had no doubt where he stood in this equation. The scene I am analyzing is the end of the film which suggests that it can be seen as the main scene of the film. One of the main character gets killed in this part of the film and the fact that this is likely to be the main scene of the whole film gives the impression that these 53 seconds of violence are the climax of the film and hence the climax of violence as well. There was certain clarity in this film on the morality which was again perhaps a reflection of the times In goodfellas, the ante on the violence is definitely raised. There is the Murder of the Innocent Spider and the brutal murder of Billy Batts. And the murder of Billy Batts is Jarring. First Billy Batts is beaten up, thrown in the trunk of the car, then stabbed later and then buried. And while it is graphically shocking it is done extremely nonchalantly as if it is commonplace. None of the actors were widely known yet for their acting of gangster roles in 1973 so there were no suggestions that the film may contain high violence as Robert De Niro, Harvey Keitel or David Proval (main actors) were not associated with brutality in films at that time. It starts off with three main characters driving in a car. You can hear the sound of squealing tyres and another car appears in the dark. A man is holding a gun out of the window. One of the passengers gets shot and you can see the blood coming out of the victim. However the lighting is very low and you can barely see any details. The car th en crashes. The lighting plays a major role in this scene as it "censors" the whole villainy. The narrative of the film is mainly four men acting as loan sharks. The murders have a storical background which fit into the

Questiona and Answer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Questiona and Answer - Essay Example Illustrators also often resort to research in the early stages of the illustrative process. They usually do background research of the elements involved in the story and deeply understand them in order to better tell the story in picture. The next procedure would be the storyboards, design and layout, where the illustrator arranges the sequence and the blending of the text and the illustrations in order to have the most potent story-telling effect and to highlight and emphasize certain parts where highlighting is needed. Ansty & Bull (2000) noted that the illustrative process is rather full of interaction from many people along the way, and not only isolated to the illustrator. He consults among many individuals and are also critiqued and constructively evaluated by others before the final output is done. This step is essential especially with the involvement of an editor wherein he knows what might be good or what might be detrimental in the ultimate goal of the story, which is to sell. Going back to the illustrator, it is important to consider how he views and is aware of his target audience for the illustrations. He must be sensitive to the orientation of the readers and on how he portrays them or how he expresses it to them in a manner appropriate. 1. The illustrative process is likened to the writing process because of the way it does not follow strict guidelines and sequences of stages in order to make the desired outcome, but they nonetheless adhere to the same overall process. Writing is the ability to articulate to share and influence the thoughts with others (The Writing Process, 2007), in like manner, illustrating is not so far off in that concept. 2. In writing a story board, first, one needs to consider the message that is the overall concept in the story. In this case, in the story of Cinderalla, it’s about

Hospitality Entrepreneurship Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Hospitality Entrepreneurship - Assignment Example The qualities and attributes are usually same in every entrepreneurial act as long as the focus is on the basics, however it differs when you proceed further into the operations, like the basics in every service based or small business entrepreneurship would be more or less same. The characteristics of Marriott were that he was having willingness to take risks and a desire to make his dreams come true, he possessed self-confidence and met the challenges that confront him, he believed a lot on his hard work and efforts rather than blaming his fate. Of course the rewards that he got for doing all that are quite visible. The other things that are attached with the Hospitality Entrepreneurship are Segmentation, Location (Depends on business type), Communication, Advertising and Sales Promotion, Finance Management and above all the Human resource employed. The segmentation is necessary in Hospit... If you are having a hospitality entrepreneurship the three things you have to worry about are Location, Location and Location, as you should facilitate the target audience with the facility of identifying you easily. The communication is another aspect of hospitality business, as the customers cannot expect you to do some other work than their work. The sales promotion is necessary in order to attract the old customers and also for the purpose of getting them back. You also need to take care about the finance, every thing should be operated within the allocated budget otherwise things would be sooner out of your hands and finally Human resources are the key in hospitality, as the customer wants you to be very frank and well mannered at the same time. So the initial mission of Marriott was to provide people with entertainment and a unique service which today has become so common, it would not be unfair to say that Marriott is the role model in brining innovation in the hospitality industry. "To develop successful innovation, a corporation should establish a conducive organizational climate. Traditional managers tend to adhere more strictly to establish hierarchical structures, to be less risk oriented, and to emphasize short terms results, all of which inhibit the creativity, flexibility, and risk required for new ventures. Organizations desiring an intrapreneurial climate need to encourage new ideas and experimental efforts, eliminating opportunity parameters, make resources available, promote a teamwork approach and voluntary intrapreneurship, and enlist top management's support." (Hisrich, M. Peters, D. Shepherd 54) The management of the external resources has turned these days extremely important, if this section would be

Recalls on vehicles at Ford Motor Company Case Study

Recalls on vehicles at Ford Motor Company - Case Study Example Ford is one such automobile company, whose name has been associated with a significant number of recalls in the recent times. The aim of this paper is to make use of online available data to shed light on the number of recalls, reasons associated with them, steps taken by the company to rectify the mistakes and results that these measures have yielded so far. This study will help analyze the causes for mishaps that occur in the automobile manufacturing process at ford. The analysis of the various recalls and reasons for each will highlight aspects that need to be focused upon while processing a product. The analysis will yield a general consensus area that ford, as a company, lacks in and how the company’s strategic decision making should be focused upon strengthening their weak links. The central problem of this paper is related to the significant amount of automobile recalls by the Ford Company in the recent years which hints at its weakness in certain areas of production. The study is important due to its implications in the company, customers and stakeholders equally. By studying the reasons for product recalls, the company’s weak points can be analyzed, helping the company focus on areas that need to be strengthened to curtail further recall incidents. As customers, an insight regarding the problems that ford automobiles can be accompanied with gives them a heads-up regarding what to expect. The company’s dedication towards rectifying their vehicle mishaps through recalls also reflects its intention to provide the best and protect its customers from possible hazards. As stakeholders of the company, the growing number of recalls is a warning sign that reflects the company’s lack of strategic focus upon offering up-to-mark vehicles to the customers. Increasing recalls also calls for resource allocation that would otherwise be utilized